Pavana Yatra

Its been a long time, I want to compile a blog on Pavana Yatra. Back to My school days, I remember like my father bought a kannada book titled “Tulu naatinalli Madhwa Paryatane”. He asked me and my brother to transliterate the book. My father, A frequent traveler & explorer(yatra)has already took us various divine trips in Karnataka, Andhra pradesh and  Maharashtra. This Book sparked him the idea of exploring a new Yatra.

Pavana yatra

This is a travel itinerary around udupi, kasargod area , the places madhwacharyaru has visited and which were mentioned in sumadha vijaya.

I thank my father for contributing all the pictures which he had captured in his recent year yatras.

Pajaka:

Madhwa Vijaya : (sarga 2 -sloka 10)

• It is the place where Acharya Madhva born, and where his parents lived
• An old house where the Acharya Madhva spent his infant life and childhood is still there.
• The icon of the Anantasana, Acharya’s ancestoral Kuladevata (heritage-diety) is still being worshipped here in this house.

• A stone slab where the Acharya, when he was Vasudeva (his name prior to his Sannyasa) performed his Aksharabhyasa is also seen preserved there

• There is one more stone slab here, which was used as a lid by Vasudeva to close the vessel so as to preserve the milk when he was asked to keep the vessel closed by his mother in her absence.

• Vasudeva Tirtha, a holy water pond dug out by Vasudeva himself in his house- courtyard is very much there for the disciples to take a holy dip.

 

• Angry Manimanta, a demon taking the form of a snake had bitten this plant so as to kill it. Nothing happened to it. Then the snake bit Vasudeva  to kill him when he was on the way to Kunjaru Durga hill, But Vasudeva, with his toe-finger, stamped the snake and killed it. An impression of the snake’s hood which was stamped is seen to remain even now on the ground in Pajaka. You would come across this place on the way to Durga hill from Pajaka.
• On one day when Vasudeva’s mother from the house called him to take food while he was prostrating before the Durga Devi over the hill (Durga is Tamobhimani form of Lakshmi) he jumped from above the hill in one step onto the granite ground below the hill near his house. His tender foot had made a replica of it on this stone. This holy foot-replica is visible by the right side of the house even today, being adoringly worshipped by all.
• Vasudeva, as a child, cleared the debt of his father by handing over the tamarind-seeds. The spot where this took place is just by the side of Vasudeva Tirtha.
  

 

Pilgrims and the Sadhakas visiting Pajaka are welcome by the Parashurama Hill (a complete granite block) on the right side and by the Durga Hill on the left side of Kunjaru, a place just half a mile away before reaching to Pajaka

How to reach?
Katapadi is a place which you come across at about 6 miles away from Udupi on the National Highway leading to Mangalore. Here taking the road which goes to the left and covering a distance of about 3 Km.s on that road, we would get a place called Subhashnagar where again we have to take a left turn. By this road, after driving for a distance of about 2 Km.s, Kunjaru is reached, from where half a mile (3/4 Km) of journey would take us to Pajaka, the holy birth place of Acharya Madhva

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Danda tirtha

When Acharya was Vasudeva (prior to Sannyasa) it was here where he studied Veda from Totantillaya

In front of this Matha a sacred pond called Dandatirtha exists.

 Once at the time of Acharya Madhva, this Sarovara had dried up and hence was without any trace of water. Vasudeva using a stick dug a small pit (Kundike) in the South-west corner of (Nairutya) the pond. It is said, that the water started flowing abundantly from this small pit and spilled over to the entire pond from where it flew over to the surrounding fields filling them with water required for cultivation.

How to reach?

After covering a distance of 10 Kms. from Udupi in the Udupi-Mangalore Highway route you would be crossing a bridge over Pangala river. Beyond this on the rightside of the road you would find Dandatirtha High School. Just about 200 yards before this Highshool you would see Bharath Canning Company on the same side. A 100 yards before this BCC, there is a lane on the left side of the road. Take this lane and after a few yards of walk when you take a right tun, there you would see Dandatirtha Matha

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Pangala Katte :

Vasudeva while walking through the distance from Pajaka to Dandatirtha (where he was studying the Vedas) used to have the Darshanam of Lord Janardana of Pangala. He used to sit on this Pangala Katte and pray Janardana. This Katte can be found just one furlong before the present Pangala Temple premises on the Udupi

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Sandalike Padi – Bhuta Sthana :

Infant Vasudeva was taken to Anantasana (of Ananteshvara temple at Udupi) by his parents on one fine day. The family was returning to Pajaka on foot by walk. It was night time. Then a Pishaacha (a ghost) entered into one of the family members body and started praising Vasudeva (Vayudeva). Sandalike Padi, is the place where this incidence occurred. This Kottige can be seen at the starting point of Sandalike Padi on the road leading to a place called Kukkikatte.

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Bannanje Mahalingeshvara Temple:

At the age of only three years, Vasudeva (Sri Madhva’s name before Sannyasa) was taken by his mother to attend a marriage of their relative at Kodavuru. There, he just slipped away from the sight of his mother who was engrossed with her relatives, visited Shankaranarayana temple at Kodavuru and from there came to Bannanje Mahalingeshvara temple. After offering his salutation to Sri Mahalingeshvara’s Antaryami Sri Narasimha, the kid Vasudeva was guided by the same Narasimha-roopa till Udupi’s Chandramoulishvara temple.

How to reach?

Bannanje is situated at a distance of about 3/4 Km. from Udupi to the west of City Bus Stand on the road leading to Adi Udupi.

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Vadabhandeshvara

It is a place which is said to have got its name because a small ship had wrecked here. It is the place where Acharya Madhva picked up the statue of Sri Krishna arrived from Dvaraka

How to reach?

You can reach this place via Malpe. Malpe is at about 5 Km. to the west of Udupi. From Malpe, take the road leading to Tottam. Vadabhandeshvara could be reached at about 2 Km. on this road.

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Kodavuru Shankaranarayana temple:

It is the place where Vasudeva giving a slip to his mother prostrated to Sri Narayana residing as the Antaryami in Shankara. From there he was lead by Sri Narayana to Bannanje from where Rudrantargata Narasimha was with him till Udupi.

Kodavuru temple is refered as Kanangi in Sri Madhva Vijaya (3-12).

How to reach?

Kodavuru can be reached either via Malpe on Tottam road going to the East or directly from Adi Udupi taking a deviation road to North

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Kanteshvara temple of Kantavara

Madhwa vijaya: ch-16 sloka 25-35

Sri Madhva Vijaya refers to Kantavara Kanteshvara temple (16-26). Gandavata and his brother were great wrestlers during that period.

These two brothers had tried to test the wrestling strength of Acharya Madhva. This narration has lead the researchers to believe that Gandavata must have belonged to Kantavara and he would have dared to test Acharya Madhva’s physical strength here at Kantavara in Kanteshvara temple. It is here where Gandavata along with his brother tried to choke the neck of Acharya Madhva; he also tried in vain to lift Acharya’s finger which was held against the ground

Another incident took place here was Acharya, to show his capacity to become lighter. Acharya made himself so light that a young boy could carry him going around the Narasimha temple

Here the Antaryami of Rudra is Narasimha who is the presiding diety of the temple. Thus, the Kantavara temple occupies a prominent place in Acharya’s life history since it was here where Acharya exhibited his Yogik powers of his body

How to reach?

Proceed from Padubidri on the road towards Karkala for about 15 Kms. When you come across a place called ‘Belmannu’, go further, beyond Belmannu for a distance of about 3 Km. on the same road. There is a place called ‘Manjara Palke’. Here, take a turn to right and travel for about 10 Kms. There you get Kantavara and Kantavara temple.

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Kodipadi

Madhwa Vijaya: sarga-12-sloka 54

Acharya Madhva after defeating  Pundalika Puri and Padma Tirtha at Kavu Matha, Madhwaru took up Chaturmasya Vrata at the Kodipadi Janardana Temple. This place is refered as ‘Praagrya Vaata’ in Sumadhva Vijaya

 On the full moon night (Poornima) that is the final day of Chatrurmasya Vrata, Padma Tirtha ran away from Kodipadi stealing away Acharya’s library books. But the residents of the village caught hold of him and collected back those stolen books and offered to Acharya. But Acharya refused to take them to possession. He wanted to make known the thief Padma Tirtha’s misadventure in the King’s court and then take possession of books. So he left those books with the mediator at the village.

 A stone seat which Acharya is believed to have used to sit for Japa, Dhyana and conducting teaching and discourses, still remains there as a silent testimony to this.

How to reach?

Take the road running from Mangalore to Puttur. In this road, from B.C. Road when you cover a distance of 7 kms two cross roads would appear at a place called Maani. Out of these two, a road on the right side is Puttur Mysore Road. Covering a distance of 18 kms in this road, a cross road with an arch at this point takes you to Kodipadi Janardana Temple at a distance of 3 kms from the arch.

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ADOOR MAHALINGESHVARA TEMPLE

Madhwa Vijaya(sarga-5 sloka 50,51)

 Acharya came to Adoor temple which is on the bank of Payasvini, after he completed Chaturmasya Vrata in Rameshvara. Madhva Vijaya mentions this in its 5.49.

There, many great Brahmins- Veda scholars who had studied Veda with Shadanga, came to meet Acharya. In the conclave of Vidwans, an aged Pandit challengingly invited Acharya for explaining the meaning of an Itareya Sukta. Acharya promptly described the meaning. Then, the Vidwans assembled there described a meaning different to Acharya’s denying the meaning of Acharya. Acharya then quoted some messages from Skanda Purana and proved that the meaning what he described was in conformity with it. He also professed that all the Shrutis have minimum three meanings, to Mahabharata minimum ten meanings and to each and every Nama of Vishnu Sahasranama a minimum of hundred interpretations.

Hearing this, the scholars there challenged Acharya to define hundred meanings if that is the case to a Nama of Vishnu Sahasranama. As a rejoinder to their challenge, Acharya cast at them a counter challenge to repeat all the meanings what Acharya would be going to explain. Acharya started defining the meanings etymologically one by one analysing the word ‘Vishva’ with its Pratyaya, Prakrti etc. Before he was to finish giving hundred meanings the Vidwans felt unable to recaptivate them in their mind, they surrendered to Acharya and praising his unuique brilliant talent begged pardon. The foremost Vaishnava, Sri Mahalingeshvara at Adoor temple must have been quite pleased with Acharya’s exposition of hundred meanings to the Nama, ‘Vishva’.

How to reach?

Adoor is at about 100 Km.s distance from Mangalore. From Mangalore in the first leg Kasargod has to be reached. From there take the Sullya-Madikeri road. After passing through Mulleriya and Adoor on that road you would get a place called Kolyadi. There by going in a road towards South direction, after 4 Km.s distance you would seet the Adoor Mahalingeshvara Temple. From Kolyadi at 2 Km.s distance Payasvini River is reached and from there the temple is at 2 Km.s distance further. A journey for 1 Hr. 15 Mts. from Kasargod in frequently run buses would bring you to Adoor temple

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Ujire:

Ujire is refered as Uchhabhuti in Sri Madhvavijaya (16.41).

Acharya Madhva had visited this Janardana Templa. At this place he invited the haughty and audacious scholars for an argument in order to tame and contain them. Those scholars, assuming that Acharya being a Sannyasi might not know the ritualistic procedures and system of ‘Yajna’ performance, asked Acharya to explain the meaning of a Brahaman Khanda (A portion of Brahmana Seciton of Rigveda). Acharya readily explained it. But the scholars argued that its meaning was not as explained by the Acharya. Acharya then challenged them saying if so the meaning what was in their mind might be put forward. Having been incapable of giving any other meaning the scholars vacated the place.

But, again, after some time, they approached Acharya demanding explanation for another Khanda’s meaning. Acharya explained even that. He asked them to record whatever he explained to them in writing so that it could be passed on to generations. Thus what was put in writing at the time of his narration came to be known as ‘Khandartha Nirnaya’ (Karma Nirnaya). The place where this composition was recorded is Ujire Janardana Temple.

A stone-seat which is being recognized as sacred since Acharya is said to have seated himself exists in the temple as a proof that Acharya had visited this place. .

How to reach?

In the Mangalore-B.C. Road route, you would reach B.C.Road Bus-stand. At a distance of about 200 yds. from this Bus stand you would come across Beltangady Road. After 5 Km.s of distance in this road Ujire town is reached. Here, on the road leading to Charmadi, at a distance of say about 60 yds. on the leftside You can see Sri Janardana Temple.

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Kavu Matha of Kasaragodu

Kavu Matha is the place where Acharya Madhva’s direct disciple,  a Gruhastha Shishya, Sri Trivikrama Pandita, his famous son Sri Narayana Pandita (the author of Acharya Madhva’s biography – Sri Madhvavijaya) and Sri Vamana Pandita and many more great men of that hereditary lived, composed great works and performed their Sadhana Anushthana.

We can have the sacred Darshana of the deity Sri Vatsa Narayana Murthy which was worhipped and presented to his affectionate disciple Sri Trivikrama Pandita by the Acharya. On the Agneya corner (South-East) of the Kavu Matha at about 100 yds. distance near the Pond is Brindavana said to be of Trivikrama Pandita and on the North side, attached to Matha is the Brindavana said to be of Narayana Pandita.

 This place is refered as Swarama in Sri Madhvavijaya (12.54)

 How to reach?

Kavu Matha is at a 45 Km.s distance from Mangalore and 2 Km.s from Kasaragodu. On the Mangalore Kasaragodu route alight at a Bus stop named ‘Chowki’. Take a mud road in the left side of the main road. A few yards walk in the palmgrove (coconut-tree rows) Kavu Matha becomes visible. The postal address is ‘Kavu Matha, Kudlu Post, Kasaragodu-671 124. Tel: 21965.

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Panchalingeshwara Temple, Paranthi:

SSV-Sarga 16-sloka 36 ,37

Once Acharya Madhva visited this Paranti Panchalingeshvara Temple. On his visit he learnt the daily rituals like Naivedya and Pooja to have not been taking place for the diety since long. Acharya, with his Vashitva power (a divine capacity to attract and conquer) was able to collect the concerned village authorities and within a matter of half a day, saw that all the daily rituals were started right then and arranged to continue the same further. Sri Madhvavijaya (16.36,37) refers to this incident stating that Acharya recollected and made known on reaching Paranti Temple, that, as Bhimasena, he, (because Bhima is the second incarnation of Vayudeva) along with his the then brothers, Yudhishthira and others, installed and worshipped here the Pancharupi  Sri Hari in the Panchalinga medium. He even recollcted that Droupadi  as wife used to carry water and joined him in the worship.

 In Sanskrit this place is Paranti Sura Sadana. It’s name in local country language was Kevuda Devala .This is stated in Bhavaprakashika. Now this place is known as Mudya

Here are five Lingas (Ovel shaped icons) which do not seem to have been carved out of stone but seem to be of originally of Linga shape in natural Salagrama stone. They are of short height with broad base indicating clearly that they are icons of Vishnu.

How to reach?

On the Uppinangadi-Bangalore road, at 11 Km. distance from Uppinangadi, on the left side, a cross road is seen leading to a place called Kanchana. A road indicator is seen erected here. On covering 2 Km.s on this road, another cross road on right side, leads to ‘Periyadka’. There, on the right side, Mudya Temple is seen. To its right, a mud road takes us to Paranti Temple after a walk of 1/2 Km and a samll distance on the footpath. There is a shorter distance route to reach to Paranti Temple. From Uppinangadi at 9 Kms distance, a place called ‘Olalu’ is reached. By the side of ‘Kanike erected in the name of Bhuta  a small footpath is seen. One Km of walk in this footpath takes us to the Paranti Temple.

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Kokkada Mahalingeshvara Temple

Kokkada is referred as a prominently sacred place where the presiding deity is Tribhuvan Vaidyanatha i.e., the point made out by this description is that, in the Mahalingeshvara icon of this temple, the really present governing deity is Dhavantri (Tribhuvana Vaidyanatha).

As Rudra was considered as the presiding deity (at his time of visit) here at this temple Acharya Madhva (being a Parama Bhagavata) did not agree to take Bhiksha (the food offered to a Yati) there. The devotees insisted prayed him to somehow take the Bhiksha. Then Acharya, approving their request, installed an icon of Lord Vishnu on the left side of Mahalingeshvara temple.

Acharya Madhva visited this place and here, for the benefit and uplift of general devotees and as begged by one devotee of the clan named ‘Idepadittaya’, he composed Sri krishnamrutha maharnava

How to reach :

Take the Mangalore-Bangalore Highway. Reach Uppinangadi. Go further beyond for 10 Km.s when place called Nelyadi is reached. After covering about 3 Km.s on the same road you would rach a road on the left side leading to Dharmasthala. After 5 Km.s’ drive Kokkada town circle is reached. There, on a road left after say about 250 yards you would be reaching to Kokkada Bazar street. There on the left side little away from the street you can see the Kokkada Mahalingeshvara Temple premises.

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Kat-tila

Ssv sarga-15-sloka-119

At a distance of about 250 yards from this Matha you can see a Prakara (a compound wall). In the middle of this Prakara is seen enclosed a small pond/well (Kundika). The depth of this is only about 2 feet. The traditional history says that manuscripts of Acharya’s Sarvamula works are kept buried here in this Kundika.

 Because these works are inscribed on copper sheets and buried the water in the well used to smell like that of copper (copper sulphate)

“Acharya Madhva had ordered Sri Vishnutirtha (first head of presently known Sode Matha and then he was asked to take over the reigns of Subrahmanya Kshetra by the Acharya. He is said to be still in a cave in Kumaradri at Subrahmanya in an unseen form) (Acharya Madhva’s Poorvashrama younger brother took Sannyasa Diksha from Acharya Madhva and was named as Vishnutirtha) that he should appear from the Kumara  Hills at the time when Acharya’s Satsiddhatna (the real eternal doctrines) and the Dharma become polluted due to bad-time, resurrect the burried Granthas from the pond where they were buried and revive them through propogation to people atleast to some extent (That is how the place has come to be known as and called Setutila i.e., Kat-thila. (‘Katta’ in Tulu is a small earthen barrier for confining water out flow)

 How to reach?

This place is at about 25 Km.s distance from Mangalore. Catch a bus which is bound to a place called Salettur. Elite at the salettur Syndicate Bank Bus-stop. A mud road to the left when a Km. distance is covered from Busstop would take you to the Kathila Adamaru Matha.

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Madaneshavra Temple of Madhur

As per the humble request from King Jayasimha inviting him to his kingdom Acharya Madhva was on the way to Kasaragodu which now is a part of Kerala State.  Bhavaprakashika mentions the name of this place as Kabenad.

Acharya madhva had stayed in Madaneshvara temple overnight on his way to Kasaragodu. Completing the rituals in the morning (Ahnika) taking the ringing of the bell in the temple by a devotee as an agreement to his intention to leave the place by Madaneshvara, Sri Madhva started towards Kasaragodu. King Jayasimha personally came to Madaneshvara temple along with attendants to take Acharya Madhva to his place with honour. Acharya being followed with honour by Jayasimha entered Vishnumangala temple at Kasaragodu

How to reach?

After covering a distance of about 50 Km.s on the Mangalore Kasargod road, on the left side an indicator shows the road leading to Madhur. After covering 2.5 Km.s from this indicator-location there is a cross road to left. Do not take left but continue straight. After again a coverage of about 2 Km.s Madhur Madaneshvara temple is reached.

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Vishnumurthy temple at Vishnumangala :

SSV sarga-5-sloka-30-33

Sri Madhva entered the temple and offered his profound salutation to the presiding diety Sri Maha Vishnu. The householder or housemaster who offered Bhiksha (Lunch/meal offered to Sannyasi) to Acharya wanted to test the capacity of Acharya. He offered lots of plantains (more than 200) which Acharya ate without any difficulty. Sri Achyutaprajna, Ashrama Guru of Acharya Madhva (Poornaprajna) was astonished with this act of his Shishya and enquired in confidence about as to how he could consume such a huge quantity of food (plantains) even when he had just finished his meal without the slightest sign of his stomach getting bloated up. Acharya replied him, ‘I have a fire of the thumb-size burning always inside my stomach. It is always beneficial to me. But it can burn to ashes the entire universe during the days of total annihilation (Pralaya)

A historical debate between Acharya Madhva and Sri Trivikrama Panditacharya (A famous Advaita Pandita of that time) took place in this temple for several days. Sri Panditacharya surrendered, at last, and took up the studentship of Acharya Madhva. He begged of Acharya to discourse on his Sutra Bhashya in the same temple and he heard it. Panditacharya praised the greatness of Acharya Madhva’s works. On the plea of Panditacharya, Sri Madhva composed Anuvyakhyana here itself

There is one pond called Chakratirtha to the right of the temple. Due to lot of mud in the pond there is scarcely any water during summer months (Vaishakha). Rain water in the rainy season when fills the pond swirls like Chakra (wheel) and hence it is called Chakratirtha

How to reach?

Take the road to Kasaragodu from Mangalore. About 3 Km.s before Kasaragodu a Bus-stop called Chowki is found. From this point, taking the road leading to Madhuru walking for about 2 Km.s you get Azad Nagar. In Azad Nagar by a mud road, only a few yards away is Vishnumangala temple

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Kanva Matha of Kanva Tirtah

SSV _sarga 16 -sloka 11

Name of this place is mentioned as ‘Sanmatha’ in Sri Madhva Vijaya (15.140). It is known as ‘Tantya in Bhava prakashika

Sri Madhva Vijaya refers to an incident. (16.10-23). It was a solar eclipse day during the Chaturmasya Vrata period. Acharya took a dip in the Sarovara of this Matha. Then, he went to take a dip in the ocean in the nearby beach. There, he gave a discourse on Itareya Shakha Suktas. He just looked with his eyes’ side glance at the ocean which was roaring with its high tide waves. The ocean withdrew its waves and became as calm as a pond having still-water. Under the holy tree in the back yard of Kanva Matha, it is said, Acharya Madhva initiated the system of Dvandva Matha (four sets of two Mathas out of eight Mathas of Udupi).

How to reach?

Kanvatirtha is at a distance of 20 Kms. from Mangalore and 80 Kms. from Udupi. Reach Talapadi from Mangalore by bus. From Talapadi bus-stand take the road going to Kasaragodu. Covering only half a Km. in this road one could see on the right side the welcome-tower of Kanvatirtha erected on the road side. Crossing this and walking for 1/2 Km. a railway crossing comes across. On crossing this railway track walking on the left side of the track for about 100 metres the above mentioned Ashvattha Katte is reached. Behind this is the Kanvatirtha Matha.

Postal Address of the Matha – Kanvatirtha Matha, Kunjattoor P.O., Via Manjeshvara, Kerala pin-670 323

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Erki Matha:

In the season of Greeshma, he ‘created’ rain here. There is a pond at this place as a witness to the event. Another speciality of this place is that the head of the matha here has the authority (granted by Sri Madhva himself) to perform “Tapta Mudra Dharana” on Shayana Ekadashi

How to reach?

Erki matha is located on the Uppinangadi – Kadaba – Subramanya road. From Uppinangadi, Aatoor is located about 10kms away. Erki matha is close to this place.

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Madhva:

Sri Madhva used to rest while on his way to Naddanthadi Matha(Madhyavata mutt)

How to reach?

It is located on the Mangalore Dharmasthala road. From Mangalore, it is about 39kms and the name of the stop is itself Madhva.

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Naddanthadi Matha/Madhyavata mutt:

Sri Madhva used to travel very frequently between Udupi and Subramanya. During this journey, he used to stop at Naddanthadi. There is a matha here today and a “Madhva Mantapa” at the place where Sri Madhva used to sit down.

How to reach?

On the Dharmasthala Ujire road, one needs to get down at Moorje. The place is about 45kms from Mangalore.

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Kuthyadi Karnoor Mutt

This is the place where vasudeva  tore his upper garment and wore it as a Kaupeena (loin cloth) and He replies his father threat on death by doing this act. This is the place where vasudeva was staying with Achyta preksharu and was waiting to become an ascetic. This place is very near to Adoor temple

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Ekavada:

SSV sarga 15 Sloka:140

Madhwacharyaru did one Chathur Maasa here. This place is called as Thanthya in Sumadhwa vijaya. There is a mahavishnu devasthanam located here

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Kalasa:(Bheemana Bande)

Madhwa Vijaya:Sarga 16, Slokas 7 to 9

Once Madhwa saw a large high boulder capable of stopping the force of rushing (falling) water from a high bank of a river, brought by thousands of persons as a step and abandoned by them on the way. To the words of Madhva – Why has this rock not been placed in the correct position for the benefit of the people, the crowd of people present replied – Oh great ascetic, no human beings can lift this rock. Even for Bhimasena, it would be doubtful, if he tried it. In the same manner as he had carried the Gandhamadana mountain in his incarnation as Hanuman, Madhva lifted up the rock by his auspicious hand and carried and placed it at the correct place. This extraordinary event is indicated by the rock which is even now on the banks of Thunga (Bhadra) river.

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References:

1. Madhwa Vijaya
2. Thathva vadha English Magazine
3. Photo courtesy: J.Muralidharan, Coimbatore

Krishnarpanamasthu